Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Kynurenine promotes porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis

doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01368-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: L-Trp promotes proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells. A The mRNA expression of proliferative genes PCNA , SYR and MUC13 in IPEC-J2 cells treated with different concentrations of L-Trp ( n = 6). a–c Mean values with unlike letters were significantly different ( P < 0.05). B and C EdU staining and quantification of the ratio of EdU-positive cells in IPEC-J2 cells treated with 4 mmol/L L-Trp or 5 mmol/L L-Glu. D The mRNA expression of cell proliferation associated genes Cyclin E1, Cyclin D1, TGF-β , SMAD4, MST1, YAP1 in IPEC-J2 cells after 4 mmol/L L-Trp or 5 mmol/L L-Glu treatment ( n = 6). Asterisks denote statistically significant differences ( * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). Error bars denote SEM

Article Snippet: For inhibiting YAP1 and AHR expression, 0.5 μmol/L Verteporfin ( HY-B0146, MedChemExpress; dissolved in 0.1% DMSO) and 0.2 μmol/L AHR inhibitor CH-223191 (HY-12684, MedChemExpress, USA; dissolved in complete medium) were co-incubated with 4 mmol/L L-kynurenine for 24 h, respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Kynurenine promotes porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis

doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01368-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kyn promotes the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells via activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis. A Quantification of the mRNA expression of AHR and CYP1A1 in IPEC-J2 cells after Kyn or Kyn + Verteporfin treatment ( n = 6). B Illustration of the AHR binding sites in the promote region of the MST1 gene. C Quantification of the mRNA expression of MST1 , YAP1 , PCNA and Cyclin E1 after Kyn or Kyn + Verteporfin treatment ( n = 6). D, E EdU staining and scratch assay in IPEC-J2 cells treated with Kyn alone or Kyn + Verteporfin (Scale bar: 20 μm). F Quantification of the ratio of EdU-positive cells and the width of cell migration in IPEC-J2 cells treated with Kyn alone or Kyn + Verteporfin. G and H Quantification of the mRNA expression ( n = 6) of AHR and CYP1A1 and the protein expression ( n = 3) of PCNA in IPEC-J2 cells treated with Kyn alone or Kyn + AHR inhibitor. I Quantification of the mRNA expression of MST1 , YAP1 , PCNA and Cyclin E1 after Kyn or Kyn + AHR inhibitor treatment ( n = 6). J and K Immunostaining and scratch assay in IPEC-J2 cells treated with Kyn alone or Kyn + AHR inhibitor (Scale bar: 20 μm). The yellow arrowheads indicated the nuclear localization of AHR, while the red arrowheads indicated the cytoplasmic localization of AHR, respectively. L Quantification of the fluorescence intensity of PCNA and the width of cell migration in IPEC-J2 cells after Kyn or Kyn + AHR inhibitor treatment. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences ( * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). Error bars denote SEM

Article Snippet: For inhibiting YAP1 and AHR expression, 0.5 μmol/L Verteporfin ( HY-B0146, MedChemExpress; dissolved in 0.1% DMSO) and 0.2 μmol/L AHR inhibitor CH-223191 (HY-12684, MedChemExpress, USA; dissolved in complete medium) were co-incubated with 4 mmol/L L-kynurenine for 24 h, respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Staining, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Immunostaining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Article Title: Kynurenine promotes porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis

doi: 10.1186/s40104-026-01368-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kyn-induced intestinal organoids proliferation is dependent on the activation of the MST1-YAP1 pathway. A – D Representative images of porcine intestinal organoids and the quantification of budding efficiency from the control, Kyn and Kyn + Verteporfin treated groups, respectively (scale bar: 100 μm). E–H Immunostaining and the fluorescence intensity of OLFM4 in the control, Kyn and Kyn + Verteporfin treated groups, respectively (scale bar: 20 μm). I and J The protein expression of PCNA, AHR, MST1 and Cyclin D1 in intestinal organoids treated with Kyn or Kyn + Verteporfin ( n = 3). K Proposed model of Trp metabolism-derived Kyn in regulating intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via activation of the AHR-MST1-YAP axis. Trp, tryptophan; Kyn, kynurenine; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ARNT, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; ISC, intestinal stem cell; IEC, intestinal epithelial cell. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences ( * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). Error bars denote SEM

Article Snippet: For inhibiting YAP1 and AHR expression, 0.5 μmol/L Verteporfin ( HY-B0146, MedChemExpress; dissolved in 0.1% DMSO) and 0.2 μmol/L AHR inhibitor CH-223191 (HY-12684, MedChemExpress, USA; dissolved in complete medium) were co-incubated with 4 mmol/L L-kynurenine for 24 h, respectively.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Immunostaining, Fluorescence, Expressing, Derivative Assay